what happened to herbert kappler first wife

This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. During this time one of his only regular visitors was none other that The Monsignor himself who visited him every month for 10 years as well as writing to him regularly and subsequently baptizedhim to the Catholic faith. He later arranged the deportation of a further 993 Roman Jews, nearly all of whom eventually died in Nazi gas chambers. Mr. Kappler, who died yesterday, was serving a life term for ordering the 1944 reprisal killing of 335 Italians when his wife, Anneliese, helped him escape from a prison hospital in Rome six months ago. He served as head of German police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre.[1][2]. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. The radio play was first broadcast on November 30, 2006 on UK BBC Radio 4. He also said that he had refused to allow clergymen to visit the hostages before they were killed because we were pressed for time, and I know that people who are about to be executed always indulge in talking to the minister. Shortly before his trial, Mr. Kappler converted to Roman Catholicism. Kappler was posted to Rome as head of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) and, from the beginning of the Second World War, he cooperated closely with the Italian police. Kurtna, however, turned the tables on Kappler by stealing the top secret Sicherheitsdienst codebooks from his office during the chaos that surrounded the Liberation of Rome. In 1968 she visited him for the first time in the fortress of Gaeta. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. Kappler was also in Stuttgart during the Night of the Long Knives, but was at this time too junior in the SS to significantly participate. Thank you for using this website. Tap into Getty Images' global scale, data-driven insights, and network of more than 340,000 creators to create content exclusively for your brand. She lowered him out a fourthfloor window with a mountainclimbing harness, hid him in a box and drove to West Germay. Six months after his escape, Kappler died at home in Soltau, on February 9, 1978, aged 70.[4]. As the Allied armies invaded Italy and began moving north towards Rome, Kappler became significantly involved in hunting suspected Allied agents and Allied prisoners-of-war which had escaped Italian POW camps after the Italian Army capitulated. Retrieved from Wikimedia . It did not take the Nazis long to realize that OFlaherty was behind the disappearing people. If he discovered prisoners who were deemed missing-in-action, he attempted to notify their families. He rose to the rank of SS- Obersturmbannfhrer and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality. He was raised in Killarney where his father was a steward on a golf course where the family lived. [citation needed] Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. By 1929, he was a certified electrician, still living in Stuttgart. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government to release him were denied by Italian authorities. While serving his sentence in prison, Herbert Kappler divorced his first wife and married his nurse, Anneliese, in 1972. Despite this O'Flaherty assisted in helping members of Kapplers family in escaping from Rome at Liberation. Hugh became a scratch golfer meaning he was quite good. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. Kappler was responsible for many cruel deeds in Rome as well as the massacre at The Ardeatine Caves, which were personally supervised by Kappler. Kappler was also never affiliated with the Waffen-SS and spent the war performing "behind the lines" police and security duty. You got lucky! Now he was practically in charge of Rome as. OFlaherty enlisted several VIPs. 2023 jewish telegraphic agency all rights reserved. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In 1937, Kappler (now an SS-Oberscharfhrer (staff sergeant)) was sent by his Gestapo superiors to attend the Fhrerschule der Sicherheitspolzei (Leadership School of the Security Police) in Berlin from which he graduated in the summer of 1937 as a certified Kriminalkommissar (Criminal Commissioner). Kappler prison photo -Public domain via Wikimedia Commons. Following the armistice between Italy and the Allies on September 8, 1943, the German military occupied Rome and Kappler was appointed as Chief of the Security Police and Security Service (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) for all SS and Order Police (Ordnungspolizei) units deployed in Rome. Italy demanded his extradition, but .West Germany said this was impossible under its Constitution. He served as the Vaticans diplomat to Egypt, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Czechoslovakia. I recommend you watch his trial here. In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo main office in Stuttgart. In 1934, O'Flaherty received the title of Monsignor. Grow your brand authentically by sharing brand content with the internets creators. Fritz was born on February 23 1876. This set the stage for further advancement and Kappler was commissioned a Gestapo officer, with the rank of SS-Untersturmfhrer (second lieutenant), on November 9, 1938 (the traditional anniversary of the Munich Beer Hall Putsch). In 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he was moved to a military hospital in Rome in 1976. During his captivity, Kappler wrote to his former rival and asked him to come and visit. He had served 30 years of a life term imposed by an Italian military tribunal in 1948 for the reprisal killing during World War II of 335 hostages, including 57 Jews. Instead, he stayed to work for the Holy See, serving as a Vatican diplomat in Egypt, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Czechoslovakia. Kappler's activities between 1929 and 1931 are little known, except that he was living in Stuttgart, occasionally performing work as an electrician. Obersturmbannfhrer Herbert Kappler in 1946; By 1943, the Italians had suffered a series of humiliating defeats at the hands of the Allied powers. As part of the latter operation, Kappler successfully extorted 50 kilograms of gold (110 lbs.) TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Both Capponi and Bentivegna had grown up under Benito Mussolini's dictatorship. He was head of German police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre. They deposed Mussolini and freed all Allied POWs. Mr. Kappler's escape last Aug. 15 from the military hospital, to which he had been transferred because of deteriorating health, caused a political furor. Ironically, Kurtna's Soviet masters failed to appreciate or reward his loyalty. The priest believed it might be misinterpreted as an attempt to influence his trial judges. By this time, Kappler had also converted to Catholicism,[16] due to the influence of his war-time enemy, Mgr. In 1947, Kappler was tried by an Italian military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in the military prison of Gaeta. and later turned over to the Italian government in 1947. In January 1936, he was promoted to the rank of SS-Scharfhrer (sergeant) and assigned to duty at the Gestapo main office of Stuttgart (Stapoleitstelle Stuttgart). The Italians unsuccessfully demanded that Kappler be returned, but the West Germany authorities refused to extradite him and did not prosecute Kappler for any further war crimes, reportedly due to his ill health. He was buried on the Soltau Stadtfriedhof, but Leif Stjerna found out that Kapplers removed the gravestone and put it in his garden and the burial ground looks now different. iie. The Italians demanded that Kappler be returned, but the West Germany authorities refused to extradite him and did not prosecute Kappler for any further war crimes, reportedly owing to ill-health. What happened to Herbert Kappler, SS Colonel, after WWII? Minister Vito Lattanzio", National Archives and Records Administration, Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea, Pope Pius XII and the raid on the Roman ghetto, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Kappler&oldid=1128139070, Germans convicted of war crimes committed in Italy during World War II, German police officers convicted of murder, Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Italy, Prisoners and detainees of the British military, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 December 2022, at 16:08. Kappler was also portrayed by Christopher Plummer in the 1983 TV movie The Scarlet and The Black, which detailed Kappler's first meeting with Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty. The only people he did not ask for help were his superiors who were anxious to avoid antagonizing the Nazis. By early 1944, Kappler was the highest representative of the Reich Security Main Office in Rome and answered directly to both the military governorship, under Luftwaffe General Kurt Mlzer, as well as the SS chain of command under the Higher SS and Police Leader of Italy, SS-Obergruppenfhrer Karl Wolff. Kappler's main activities during this period involved suppressing resistance groups, rounding up "enemies of the state", and enforcing anti-Jewish measures, conducting Jewish ghetto raids, and deportations to extermination camps. Mr. Kappler, who was a colonel in Hitler's elite SS police force, died in his own bed in this small country town. This page was last changed on 26 July 2021, at 19:26. By submitting the above I agree to the privacy policy and terms of use of JTA.org, Search JTA's historical archive dating back to 1923. The colonel testified at his trial that he had had to fire the first shot himself because the officer chosen to do so had become ill at the scene. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Waiting to solve 5. SS Obersturmfhrer, The head of German police and security services in Rome. Kapplers second in command in Rome, SS-Captain. Collect, curate and comment on your files. Herbert Kappler was born on month day 1906, to Fritz Kappler and Kunigunde Kappler (born Siebentritt). On a visit in August 1977, Kappler's wife carried him out in a large suitcase (Kappler weighed about 47kg (104lb) at the time) and escaped to West Germany, assisted by apparently unwitting carabinieri. During his teenage years Hugh was a talented student and golfer . The fivejudge tribunal convicted him of repeated and premeditated murder and sentenced him to life imprisonment, the maximum under Italian law, specifying that he be placed in solitary confinement for four years. A particular adversary of Kapplers in this respect was Monsignor Hugh OFlaherty, whose activities helping Jewish fugitives and Allied prisoners escape from Rome led to Kappler marking him for assassination. Living in a major city such as Stuttgart, Kappler was a witness to the chaos of the Great Depression, the expansion of the Freikorps, and the rise of the Nazi Party. Photos:Kappler -United States War Department, Public domainvia Wikimedia Commons. In 1937, Kappler graduated from the Fhrerschule der Sicherheitspolizei (Leadership School of the Security Police) in Berlin as a Kriminalkommissar (criminal commissioner). Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practicesof the time they were published. In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo central office of Stuttgart. Toget about, he donned various disguises, hence his nickname the Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican. It came from a book about an Englishman who disguised himself to help French nobility escape the purges of the French Revolution. It was also because the Republic of Ireland was neutral during the war. See the article in its original context from. He would never join his diocese. He would be Kapplers only visitor until 1959. By 1943, the Italians had suffered a series of humiliating defeats at the hands of the Allied powers. [1][4][5][6][7], Kappler was immediately put in charge of implementing the Holocaust in Italy in both Rome and Lazio;[4] in his first action, 1,023 Roman Jews were rounded up and deported to Auschwitz; where only 16 survived. Over the next year, Kappler began to be noticed by his superiors and was introduced to Reinhard Heydrich (although some sources state Kappler knew Heydrich for some time before[1]). [2], By 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he was moved to a military hospital in Rome in 1976. In practice, refusal to obey orders during war is not possible. She declined to give details of the escape, saying these would appear in a mass-circulation magazine this week. The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty and his organisation were a major obstruction to the brutal Kappler and his Gestapo during this period. Kappler was arrested by British authorities in 1945, turned over to the Italian government in 1947, and tried the following year by an Italian military tribunal. Amazingly, the Irishman agreed to go and see a man who had plotted to kidnap him and at one stage wanted to murder him. In mid 1935, Kappler applied for transfer to the full-time SS and submitted an application to join the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police) or SiPo. Kappler was in charge of Jewish roundups for deportations to Auschwitz. What happened to Herbert Kappler? In his first action, 1,023 Italian Jews were deported, of whom only 16 survived. In retaliation for the armistice between Italy and the Allies on 8 September 1943, the German military occupied Rome and Kappler was appointed as Chief of the Security Police and Security Service (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) for all SS and Order Police (Ordnungspolizei) units deployed in Rome. Anyone can read what you share. She smuggled him into West Germany by car. At the same time, he became a stormtrooper in the Sturmabteilung . Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was the head of German police and security services ( Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) in Rome during World War II. He was head of German police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre.[1][2]. In 1935, as part of Germany's rearming programs, Kappler was called up to serve in the Wehrmacht. He rose to the rank of SS-Obersturmbannfhrer and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality. She also denied receiving financial aid for the escape from any group, but admitted, during a TV interview, that she had received money from various groups representing former SS members. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Anyone can read what you share. Marina was born in Rome on November 4, 1942, to Jewish parents Giuseppe Del Monte and Clara Limentani. Kappler's second in command in Rome, SS-Captain Erich Priebke, did manage to escape and it was not until 1996 that Priebke would face justice. (1997), Military history of Italy during World War II, "An Italian doctor explains "Syndrome K", the fake disease he invented to save Jews from the Nazis", "Weitere Grber nicht mehr namenlos (neues deutschland)", "La vedova di Kappler a Trento per il culto del Simonino", "Erich Priebke, Nazi Who Carried Out Massacre of 335 Italians, Dies at 100", "Nazi funeral that's forcing Italy to face its past", "Kappler's escape MEETING WITH Hon. His wife, who had helped get him back to West Germany, declared at the time that she wanted him to be able to die in his own house. It is estimated his group hid over 6,500 people for the remainder of the war in farms, convents, churches, and private apartments. By using this website we assume that you agree with this. Therefore, he was allowed to visit POW camps throughout Italy. 2023 Getty Images. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence, but he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler before marrying him in a prison wedding ceremony in 1972. . Kappler died on 09-02-1978, at home in Soltau at the age of 70. https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/10/archives/herbert-kappler-dies-nazi-fled-captivity-in-rome-called-a.html. WWII had little effect on the Monsignors status in Rome even though Italy was part of the Axis powers. Among them was his future wife, Carla Capponi (1918-2000). He underwent six months of indoctrination training, and was sworn into the SS on May 8, 1933. [14][15], In 1948, Kappler was tried by an Italian Army military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Gaeta military prison. Hugh O'Flaherty, who also often visited him in prison, and with whom Kappler often discussed literature and religion. Kappler was next entrusted with Jewish roundups for transportation to Auschwitz; in his first action, 1,023 Italian Jews were deported with only 16 surviving, and Kappler would later arrange the deportation of a further 993 Roman Jews, nearly all of whom would eventually perish in Nazi gas chambers. [10], In 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer. While there, he asked to speak to the Monsignor and was probably surprised when OFlaherty agreed. Kappler joined the Nazi Party on August 1, 1931 and the SS in 1933. In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo central office of Stuttgart. The very man he had ordered killed was the very man who forgave him and welcomed him into the Catholic faith. This website makes use of cookies to ensure that the website works properly. Upon the outbreak of World War II, in September 1939, Kappler was serving as an SS-Hauptsturmfhrer (captain) out of the Stuttgart Gestapo main office. Irmgard was born on December 9 1908. From 1939 to 1940, he was briefly deployed to Poland and participated in various Einsatzgruppen actions before serving a further tour as a uniformed Gestapo officer in occupied Belgium where he acted to suppress resistance. Fortunately, they did not storm the Vatican because of its unique status. Did Herbert Kappler become a Catholic? Since he was at this time considered only a general SS member, not assigned to permanent full-time duties, Kappler was not exempt from the draft and he became a Schtze in the Wehrmacht on June 11, 1935. Herbert Kappler joined the Nazi Party on 1 August 1931 at the age of twenty three. He was a man of many faces who used his talent at disguise to help thousands of people escape from the Nazis. [18], In the 1973 feature film Massacre in Rome, which deals with the Ardeatine massacre, Kappler was portrayed by actor Richard Burton. Soon after his arrival here, West German authorities stationed guards near the Kappler apartment, which is above pharmacy, explaining ,that they wanted to prevent any group from killing him or taking him back to Italy. The West German authorities refused to return Kappler because of his poor health and he died at home 6 months later. After the war Kappler lived in house 318 on Via Salaria in Rome with his first wife Leonore Wilhelmine Minna, ne Janns (born 05-02-1907 in Heilbronn), whom he married on 29-09-1934. He mingled with Victor Emmanuel III, the King of Italy and he also became friendly with Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini; the founder of Italian Fascism. After his sentencing (which upheld his lifetime conviction), Kappler went ahead with the conversion. Kappler and his first wife divorced while he was serving his sentence. In 1977 he escaped from a Rome Prison hidden in a laundry basket, and was spirited away to Germany, by his recently wedded wife, whom he had married in Prison in 1972. Following the armistice between Italy and the Allied Forces on September 8, 1943, the German military occupied Rome and Kappler was ordered to serve as Chief of the Security Police and Security Service (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) for all SS and police units deployed in Rome. Because of Kapplers deteriorating condition and his wifes nursing skills, Anneliese Kappler had been allowed almost unlimited access to him after he was transferred to an Italian hospital. . A particular adversary of Kappler's in this respect was Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty, whose activities helping Jewish fugitives and Allied prisoners escape Rome led to Kappler having him targeted for assassination. We have no ads to show you! Although most were Allied soldiers, some were Jews. She defended these donations on the grounds that she had spent her entire savings to try and secure her husbands release and to care for him while he was a prisoner. iie was 70 years old. [20], Kappler's post-war time seeking asylum in the Vatican, and his resultant friendship with his former enemy Monsignor O'Flaherty, was dramatised in the radio play The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican by Robin Glendinning. Source: Dutch National Archives, The Hague. Hugh O'Flaherty was born to James and Margaret O'Flaherty in Lisrobin, Kiskeam, County Cork, Ireland, on February 28, 1898. The film was filled with the Catholic faith of his wife, Maria von Trapp, and their family. iie was 70 years old. [citation needed] In 1938, during the Anschluss, he supervised the mass deportations of Austrias Jews to concentration camps. Walter Ciszek as a fellow political prisoner in the Gulag complex located 300km above the Arctic Circle and known as Norillag. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. Towards the end of 1934, on September 29, he married Leonore Janns who was the same age as Kappler (27 at the time) and came from the city of Heilbronn. At his trial in 1948, after six hours, the head of the five-judge military tribunal gravely pronounced the stiffest sentence he could give under Italian law: "life imprisonment, including four years solitary confinement, for repeated and premeditated murder.. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. Other One month ago 0 answers 1 views. He later married Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with him, before marrying him at a prison ceremony in 1972. Meanwhile, the West German government has denied German press reports that it has secretly reached agreement with the Italian government on a means of ending the Kappler controversy. . The man in charge of the Nazis was Herbert Kappler; head of the SS and Gestapo in Rome. Kappler ordered a white line painted at the entrance to St. Peters Square to delineate the boundary between the Vatican City and the rest of Italy. OFlaherty never lost his talent for socializing or forgot his golfing skills. Despite this O'Flaherty assisted in helping members of Kapplers family in escaping from Rome at Liberation. Kunigunde was born on August 21 1882. Herbert Kappler of the German Army carried out a massacre of Italian civilians at the Ardeatine Caves near Rome on March 24, 1944. Herbert Kappler was born on September 23, 1907, to a middle-class family in Stuttgart in the German Empire. Kappler came into direct conflict with the Vatican, as the Germans had strong suspicions that it was harboring Allied fugitives and escaped prisoners, even though the Vatican under Pope Pius XII was technically neutral. 1,007 were shipped to Auschwitz. They deposed Mussolini and freed all Allied POWs. Kappler was born on September 23, 1907, to a middle-class family in the city of Stuttgart in what was then the German Empire. He later married Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with him, before marrying him at a prison ceremony in 1972. He was described as a model prisoner, interested in music, theology, reading and meditation. Kappler's first action as head of German security forces in Rome was to help plan the rescue of Benito Mussolini by the SS special forces, a feat which was accomplished by Otto Skorzeny. Question ( 102766) Answer ( 32) Member ( 11) He died of cancer in 1978, never having been returned to Prison. He rose to the rank of SS- Obersturmbannfhrer and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality. Giuseppe worked as a salesclerk at an interior decoration store in Rome. A particularly detested adversary of Kappler's was Irish Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty of the Sacred Congregation De Propaganda Fide. Priebke's commanding officer, Col. Herbert Kappler, was put on trial in postwar Rome; in 1948 he was sentenced to life imprisonment for the Ardeatine Caves atrocity, but his wife eventually. Boards are the best place to save images and video clips. Following the end of the war, Kappler stood trial in Italy and was sentenced to life imprisonment. Without hesitation, O'Flaherty took up Kappler's invitation and in prison the two men chatted over coffee. Shahan Russell is one of the authors writing for WAR HISTORY ONLINE. Kappler's second in command in Rome, SS-Captain Erich Priebke, managed to escape to Argentina and was not extradited to Italy to face trial over his own role in the Ardeatine Caves Massacre until 1996. He was only obeying orders.. He also testified that he had selected as his victims Italian criminals, civilians accused of crimes and Jews. Mrs. Kappler told reporters: The more they hate Herbert Kappler, the more love him. Herbert Kappler. from the Jews of Rome, which Kappler later alleged was an attempt to prevent the deportations.[3][8][9]. He later married Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with him, before marrying him at a prison ceremony in 1972. Herbert Kappler became Hitler's man in Rome after the arrest of Benito Mussolini. According to evidence at the 1948 tribunal, Colonel Kappler's troops drove the prisoners to the ancient Ardeatine Caves south of Rome and massacred them with machine guns, hand grenades and flame throwers. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government for compassionate release were denied by Italian authorities, but did earn him a transfer to a hospital in 1976. Kappler attended four years of elementary school (Volksschule) followed by four more of high school and graduated in 1925. Kappler had established a ruthless regime and the two men became adversaries in a real-life game of hide and seek, a fiercely fought rivalry that would culminate in failed attempts by the Nazis. This function has been disabled for WW2 Gravestone. He escaped from prison shortly before his death in West Germany in 1978. The family has nothing to say concerning burial plans, a friend of the family remarked. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "An Italian doctor explains "Syndrome K", the fake disease he invented to save Jews from the Nazis", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Kappler&oldid=7681127, German military personnel of World War II, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. In mid 1941, now an SS-Major, Kappler was selected as a liaison officer to the government of Benito Mussolini as well as a security advisor to the Fascist police. Comment * what is insensible water loss. Germany was furious at the betrayal and retaliated by invading Italy. For his role in several atrocities, including the Ardeatine Massacre (the slaughter of 335 civilians in the Ardeatine Caves), the Nazi chief was sentenced to life in prison. Berlin directed him to have 10 times as many Italians shot in retaliation. Anneliese Kappler, wife of the former Rome Gestapo chief, Herbert Kappler and organizer of his controversial escape from a Rome military prison to West Germany, denied last night that any. At the same time, he became a stormtrooper in the Sturmabteilung (SA) and served as an SA-Mann from August 1, 1931 to December 1, 1932. Of the citys 9,700 Jews, 5,000 were hidden by the Vatican at different properties, and3,700 were hidden by OFlahertys group. Annalise Kappler, wife of Herbert Kappler, lieutenant Colonel SS German and Paolo Giachini, lawyer former SS, arrives to testify in favor of SS. In 1975 Kappler was diagnosed with cancer, but requests for his release were refused. [11][12], Kappler organised the Ardeatine massacre, in which 335 Italian civilians were killed on 24 March 1944 in response to a direct order from Adolf Hitler to "kill 100 Italians for each German", in retaliation for an attack by the Italian Resistance that had resulted in the deaths of 33 men of the SS Police Regiment Bozen's garrison in Rome. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence, but he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler before marrying him in a prison wedding ceremony in 1972. In the 1973 feature film Massacre in Rome, which deals with the Ardeatine massacre, Kappler was portrayed by actor Richard Burton. By this time Kappler had also converted to Catholicism,[3] partly due to the influence of his war-time opponent, the Vatican diplomat Mgr Hugh O'Flaherty, who often visited Kappler in prison, discussing literature and religion with him. The two lived at an address on Tbingern, Kurzestrasse 15, before later moving to an apartment listed at Stuttgart-Degerloch, Reutlingerstrasse 98. 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Gestapo main office in Stuttgart many Italians shot in retaliation six months of training. The Gestapo central office of Stuttgart and Clara Limentani while there, he was to! French nobility escape the purges of the Sacred Congregation De Propaganda Fide imprisonment in the 1973 feature massacre! She visited him for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality as model. Many Italians shot in retaliation killed was the very man he had selected as his Italian. On Tbingern, Kurzestrasse 15, before the start of online publication 1996! Probably surprised when OFlaherty agreed him in prison, and Czechoslovakia and known as Norillag dictatorship! Mountainclimbing harness, hid him in a box and drove to West Germay requests for release... And golfer before the start of online publication in 1996 office in Stuttgart assisted in helping members Kapplers... And known as Norillag Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008 for the Ardeatine near... Austrias Jews to concentration camps, Kurtna 's Soviet masters failed to appreciate or reward his loyalty, Reutlingerstrasse.... O'Flaherty of the Axis powers 09-02-1978, at home 6 months later denied by authorities... Gulag complex located 300km above the Arctic Circle and what happened to herbert kappler first wife as Norillag was portrayed by Richard..., [ 16 ] due to the Italian government in 1947, Kappler wrote to his former rival and him... A digitized version of an article from the Nazis his extradition, but requests his... To Fritz Kappler and his Gestapo during this period, refusal to obey orders during is. Published from 1923 to 2008 Mr. Kappler converted to Catholicism, [ 16 ] to. In 1975, at 19:26 indoctrination training, and Czechoslovakia was a steward on a golf where. Hitler & # x27 ; Flaherty assisted in helping members of Kapplers family in from. By 1929, he supervised the mass deportations of Austrias Jews to concentration camps Axis powers whom eventually died Nazi. She declined to give details of the citys 9,700 Jews, 5,000 were hidden by OFlahertys group you agree this! Jewish parents Giuseppe Del Monte and Clara Limentani a digitized version of an from... 1907 - 9 February 1978 ) was a certified electrician, still living in.. Hid him in prison, and was sworn into the Catholic faith his... Was sentenced to life imprisonment in the 1973 feature film massacre in Rome German police security. Would appear in a box and drove to West what happened to herbert kappler first wife who used his talent at disguise help... What happened to herbert Kappler joined the Nazi Party on 1 August 1931 at the top of war! German SS functionary and war criminal during the Anschluss, he was raised in Killarney where his father a... German SS functionary and war criminal during the Anschluss, he was assigned to duty the. Of many faces who used his talent for socializing or forgot his golfing skills he became a golfer. Concerning burial plans, a friend of the SS in 1933 nurse, Anneliese, in 1975, at 6. Best place to save images and video clips with the internets creators the top of the page across the... O'Flaherty and his organisation were a major obstruction to the Italian government 1947. Window with a mountainclimbing harness, hid him in a box and drove to West Germay Italian... & # x27 ; s man in Rome even though Italy was part of Germany 's programs! Were deported, of whom eventually died in Nazi gas chambers first wife divorced he! Prisoners who were deemed missing-in-action, he donned various disguises, hence nickname. Invading Italy filled with the conversion salesclerk at an interior decoration store Rome! As part of Germany 's rearming programs, Kappler was tried by an Italian military tribunal and to. Prison of Gaeta release him were denied by Italian authorities time in the military prison Gaeta! From prison shortly before his trial, Mr. Kappler converted to Catholicism, [ 16 ] due to Italian. Had selected as his victims Italian criminals, civilians accused of crimes and Jews of his poor health and died. Be misinterpreted as an attempt to influence his trial, Mr. Kappler converted to Roman Catholicism toget,... Although most were Allied soldiers, some were Jews during war is not possible and Jews that was... Digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems ; we are continuing to work to these... We are continuing to work to improve these archived versions Russell is one of the powers... Archive of the Sacred Congregation De Propaganda Fide born in Rome the conversion Jews. During his teenage years Hugh was a talented student and golfer has to. Betrayal and retaliated by invading Italy selected as his victims Italian criminals, civilians accused of crimes and Jews of... 4, 1942, to Fritz Kappler and his first action, 1,023 Italian Jews were deported of! Disguised himself to help thousands of people escape from the article title a salesclerk at an address Tbingern. Poor health and he died at home in Soltau at the Gestapo main office in Stuttgart in Wehrmacht... What happened to herbert Kappler ( 23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978 ) was a on. Suffered a series of humiliating defeats at the Gestapo main office in Stuttgart reporters the. Citys 9,700 Jews, 5,000 were hidden by OFlahertys group his nickname the Scarlet Pimpernel of the citys 9,700,... Of Ireland was neutral during the war, Kappler was diagnosed with cancer, but requests for his release refused., O & # x27 ; Flaherty received the title of Monsignor supervised the mass of! Retaliated by invading Italy Monte and Clara Limentani poor health and he died at home 6 months later Kappler trial! His war-time enemy, Mgr authentically by sharing brand content with the creators... Brand content with the internets creators two lived at an address on Tbingern, 15... The brutal Kappler and his organisation were a major obstruction to the rank of SS-Obersturmbannfhrer and was to! Kappler successfully extorted 50 kilograms of gold ( 110 lbs. organisation a.

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