- December 21, 2020
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This is something I would expect theyll fight tooth and nail as it would pull into question every house that currently is already so close that there is cause for concern. The consultant can then also investigate for the more common radiation types we find in most homes (electric fields in the bedroom and radio frequency radiation from phone towers etc. Here are some tips to identify high voltage power lines and safe clearance levels: First, look for any signs of wire crossings near your home. File against that subdivision due to effect of that power lines? Once you find a home where the values are under the 0.8mG or 0.3mG depending on the instrument method of measuring, it seems to be giving you the green light. OHS Meaning What is Occupational Health And Safety (OHS)? Thank you so much for any advice. We live in a different state, so we cant do another test. In answer to your question about selling a home with any type EMF finding. You have to measure. Heat Exhaustion Recovery Time How Long Does It Take To Recover From Heat Exhaustion? Ive had nothing but health problems my whole life. Hi! Where the house would be was from .02mg to .1mg. Thx a lot. The man doing the readings said that 33000v on such big pylons meant the lines wer even higher than required. Those field often reduce much quicker. The plastic covering on these poles has blue stripes every few inches. I could steer you to what Id like you to look for. See, I am 28, should be in my prime and Im not. Hi Chris. Taking legal action will be hard or impossible as you will have to prove what governments are actively ignoring or dont want to hear about. But the meter read s electric fields also and read high. But the average house and bedroom is not set up for regeneration, so my question would be more pressing; What are you exposed to when you are sleeping now (and likely have had that for all previous years, no matter which house you were in)? A 69 kva line was recently installed 100 feet from my house,I read a 8-10 milligauss inside the house,is there anything I can do to shield myself? The smart thing to do, is to then get a professional to do a pre-purchase inspection and reconfirm your good findings before buying or renting a property. Measure the EMF in areas where you and your family spend a lot of your time like living rooms, kitchens, and bedrooms. You should get it investigated by a professional and at the same time assess or address the other more typical EMFs in a home. I cant measure the EMF from that living room since I havent moved in yet but from the roof top on top of the living room is 1.5/1.6! We are looking at a lovely home about 150 feet from high voltage lines not the huge lines that carry power from town to town, but the lines that carry from power stations to smaller sections of town. Hi Muriel, thanks for sharing. A leaning tower with two phases has a total voltage of 138 kV (138 kilovolts). In addition to identifying whether a line is overhead or underground, you need to know which voltage level it carries. Would welcome your advice on how to handle this unfortunate situation. See sample photos. Very interesting to read. If you see anything or anyone that violates safe clearance measures, you should report it immediately. The government limit is likely 1000mG where you are. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Finally found a place for her, but I worry about the hundreds of other college kids exposed to obscenely high levels. Hi We are land and home owners in farm country, and recently were informed that high voltage power lines have been approved and will be constructed in our back yard within the next couple of years. Depending upon how they take this threat of exposure it should be interesting to see if they will let us add your product to the building. Hi mG (milligauss) is an expression of magnetic field strength. We used to do a few free home assessment each month for people with cancer. Id speak to the council. We have to acknowledge the truth, and see the lies and ignorance of our fellow country informers of knowledge, they are not telling us many things which are damaging our health, There is a time for war and a time for peace, You decide what you want. We have consultants that can help you, or you can buy a QUALITY gauss meter to this part yourself. Any "danger" trees, as defined by W AP A Order 430.1 B and vegetation that constitutes an electrical hazard to the lines will be removed. https://healthstronghold.teachable.com, Hi, You purchased a home, not knowing about electronic pollution and environmental health burdens, or perhaps you didnt think this was a problem. The resistance per length for 1590 ACSR is assumed to be constant at 25 . These poles have red stripes painted on them. The other problem for those realising their health has been affected by something that is perfectly legal, is that by selling it, they are passing the problem to another family who are unaware. The plastic covering on these lines has black stripes every few inches to represent its dangerous voltage levels. Hard to say for sure of course. Homes built way too close to power lines in Nieuw-Beijerland in the Netherlands. A TF2 is a good amateur meter. How about a swimming pool that is 200 feet from the high voltage lines? They put a school right under them on other side of me Im just outraged. When we went to look at the model home and saw the map of the homes that will be built in the next phase, we saw some property that looked like we would be interested in securing now when that phase eventually gets into development. How to handle? The voltage level of a line can be determined by observing how far off-center a supporting tower is from adjacent structures. Whether you are just curious about how much danger you can be in during your next camping trip or for that matter if you need to protect an HV power line from encroachment, it is important that these simple but vital tricks are known by many. ), and explain what needs to be updated to the property to create a healthier environment inside. 450m-500m for 330kV Lines. Hi Gemma, sorry to hear this information came to you too late. If you are unsure which it is, assume it carries 230 kV and work from there. We then stopped offering the free assessments and keeping our activist head low from then on. Patrick, Good Day! Im in a a power company is setting up high power transmission towers the metal Towers, in an urban District. Upstairs bedroom rear of home steady 0.2mG (thought I was measuring towards front of home but got mixed up with realtor starring at me like Im nuts!). Thank you for your answer. Adios Gregorio, It is a concern also I noticed and observed my body beginning to tremour at another house, in the front bedroom, where I know the readings are above 2 milligauss due to the power draw of the owner in her bedroom with an electric blanket, a tv and receiver, a cordless phone, a router for the internet, an emergency alarm. Frequency is calculated in cycles per second. Select the method of measurement. I am not yet sure what voltage electricity they carry, but enough that there is an easement area of 100 feet on both sides of the wires. 3.47 to 28.5) for 123 KV, 10.78 (95%CI: 3.75 to 31) for 230 KV and 2.98 (95%CI: 0.93 to 9.54) for 400 KV lines. Im wondering if you can help me to buy the right device to measure the EMF (or whatever relevant) for a land im planning to buy. endobj Is there a way to pre-calculate distances if you know amps, wire size, etc. Power lines are presumed to be energized unless the utility owner/operator confirms that the power line has been and continues to be deenergized and visibly grounded at the worksite. The pylon is approx 60m from the house and the lines run in the direction of the house but dont pass over the house. There are two others that are FAR more common and should be assessed and mitigated properly to create a healthier home and bedroom. High voltage power lines can be problematic at far greater distances, but small street power lines can also produce similar problems. He said he got 0.02 microtessla reading at the back door during an afternoon he said its unlikely inside would Be any higher than 0.1 microtessla But now i dont know if i trust the electric company as they have themselves to protect! u8(!p8pG _o~+rHxp&c*7]J)m-~_DB@: ToAX$t_1uq Zt|d?iAD6 DU$*O7/qDF yhO&->Yo(v[zIP.qi7u'=T7]Vze>7vH:kn{!Om5q23A-Ck=S`. I can say this when it comes to other apartments being under the same roof and exposure: Be careful announcing your findings People have threatened to take legal action because one home owner started raising the alarm which may affect the property values. Can you shield against magnetic fields from power lines? Cranes and derricks are required to take additional steps before beginning work (see OSHA Standards 29 CFR 1926.1400 effective Nov. 8, 2010). I appreciate any help you can give me. High voltage power lines or tiny street power lines, electromagnetic fields should be taken seriously when considering committing to a property. Hi Archme, sorry for the delay. That is what the magnetic field strength is related to. Further, the transition temperature, although How effective are the shielding mesh, paint, fabric and grounding tape? Can that happen? The lawsuits from such a move and the amount of homes that would then simply need to be declared uninhabitable would likely cripple an economy. - Blij Stralingsvrij, https://www.healthstronghold.com/video-qa-shielding-paint-magnetic-fields/, https://www.healthstronghold.com/video-qa-developer-liabilities-selling-land-transmission-lines/, https://www.healthstronghold.com/living-near-power-lines-004/, https://en.geovital.com/the-new-tf2-trifield-gauss-meter-as-tool-for-the-amateur-product-review-test/, https://www.facebook.com/Patrick-van-der-Burght-1996353220673771/, Ethernet over power line (EOP/Powerline) the dangerous internet from the power point. A device that automatically warns the operator when to stop movement, such as a range control warning device. Ive been having all kinds of problems, but the worst is the insomnia that started coincidentally right about when I moved in. The line was attached to existing 500kV and 115kV structures, where the . Im tempted to pull out. Magnetic fields can come out quite a distance. Measure with a reasonable quality gauss meter, and when you think its ok, have a professional check your assessment. Is that too close, or am I safe? I have children and dogs and I recently was diagnosed with breast cancer. Determine if any part of the equipment, load line or load (including rigging and lifting accessories), if operated up to the equipment's maximum working radius in the work zone, could get closer than 20 feet to a power line. Im not sure how far away they are. READ: 7 Ways Of Preventing Electric Shock. HSE Articles, HSE Jobs, HSE News, & HSE Training. Also found high mG on the ground behind the house. endobj You have to decide for yourself if staying there is a good long-term strategy for you. Seems like if your moral compass says nobody should live there then nobody should live there. I wonder if there may be stray current on cables and pipes which can happen in older suburbs more so than newer ones. It would be good to have the exposure logged throughout a night or two. But I think this is the wrong attitude to have. How about if there are two 120V wires passing like 5 feet away from a living room. I already had a lump in my breast. Good luck For underground power lines, assume it carries a medium voltage level unless otherwise marked. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. My lump turned out to be DCSI cancer.and I had a mastectomy and am cancer free for now. If this article was of benefit, if you have personal experience or questions, then please leave a comment below. 8 ft. 5 in. If its not possible to install a line without crossing another companys line, then high-voltage lines are required. Government standard in most countries is 1000mG so they think you have nothing to worry about and the house is not too close. It is for sale frequently, gets sold and some time after is back on the market for a long time. Unless I dont go outside. Best to get one of our consultants to assist you. There is also a small electric sub station close to the property. Specifically, a 765 kV line can reliably transmit 2200-2400 MW (i.e., 1.0 SIL) for distances up to 300 miles, whereas the similarly situated 500 kV and 345 kV lines with bundled conductors can deliver only about 900 MW and 400 MW, respectively. These lines operate at a voltage level of about 1,000 volts and can cause serious injury if anyone comes into contact with them. I am having a hard time analyzing the results from our EMF survey (done by a professional). Good luck. When uncertain of a power line's voltage, stay 20 feet away for voltages up to 350 kV and 50 feet away for voltages greater than 350kV. Magnetic fields is what you need to measure. We put an offer in on a house close to high voltage power lines, but I made it contingent on the EMF reading. Please consider buy my online course for the TF2 with it so you are confident on how to use it. Hi Patrick We walked all around the 2 acre lot taking readings. and which tools should i buy? I am particularly concerned at the variation from one day to the next at a similar time. Living near overhead high voltage transmission power lines as a risk factor for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case-control study . We are looking at another home with underground power cables. Safety of children is most important, hence distance cannot be closer than 50 -70 m. Sponsored by The Penny Hoarder Often at night these reduce further. Hello Patrick I live in a14 story bldg of 147 apts I am on the 6 floor and the bldg has 2 high power towers on top. https://en.geovital.com/video-transmission-lines-being-build/ You can purchase a quality gauss meter to investigate just these fields (TF2 not a bad choice), or get a consultant to assess this and the other more common sources of radiation in a home. That would mean your measurement indicates a reading of just 0.11mG which is far below our recommended 0.3mG or less for bedroom environments. Case Study 5.2 Lack of Protection Redundancy for a Generator Step-up Transformer Leads to Interruption of a 230-kV Area 353. . Hello! The procedures to be followed to properly ground equipment and the limitations of grounding. Address these concerns with your primary care physician on a regular basis. But, given what you describe, it sounds like magnetic fields may be high and you cant shield against them so measure first and then assess if its a good long-term strategy to stay there under those circumstances. = right-of-way (or in the Florida standard, certain additional areas adjoining the right-of-way). There are a lot of people asking how to identify voltage of power lines, with or without meters. You can purchase an online course for this meter here to give you confidence youre using it correctly. When electricity flows an electromagnetic field is created that kind of swirls around the source of the radiation like a whirl wind. Hi Katie, sorry for the delay. Two curves and their empirical models are created for each voltage class to determine the minimum separation distance. For example, if two towers are spaced on average about 50 feet apart and one tower leans to one side or appears lower than its companion, then 115 kV power travels through that line. Hi If the exposure standards were now to be lowered in light of research showing health effects, it is like admitting fault that everything they supported in the past was a big mistake. Thanks in advance. For safety reasons, the . Good luck with the house hunt Its not the highest but higher then an average neighborhood. The employer demonstrates that compliance with paragraph (d)(1) of this section is infeasible and meets the requirements of 1926.1410. They are 4G I think. I cannot however understand how giving them some money helps with that at all? I am over 80 and not to up on computers The POI will be located at New York Power Authority's (NYPA's) 230 kV Massena-Moses transmission line. Ive started using my Facebook account. He assured me the readings are much lower than those commonly associated with negative health effects. Exposure to the large power transmission lines (345 kV) directly under the tower is only 96 mG, diminishing to less than 20 mG . Front door +/- 1.0mG Have a look at the table below what peer reviewed research has found over the years: Therefore, a reading of just 1 milligauss (1 mG) is the value you dont want in your home. Transmission voltages are much higher: 69 kV, 115 kV, 230 kV, etc. I dont want Second, if you plan to construct a house close to this distribution line, it has to be outside the right of way (easement) boundary of the line. Good luck. =1v4:v| [UTI`a rXT}g)r,VP T;05,QJ Find out IF youre exposed to the levels we would say is concerning and if so you decide if its in your interest to stay there. Third, if you have access to a drone or helicopter it would be best to use one of these methods as they will provide an aerial view of what is above ground level from above. I hear this every night and it disturbs my sleep. I recently examined no fewer than TWELVE possible housing options for my college age daughter, using my amateur tools to measure emfs and to look for possible mold issues. State, and local safety regulations must be strictly adhered to. For example, over 50 to 200 means up to and including 200kV. But the highest is 1.7 and by the windows goes to 1.9? It is not safe to do so on your own. Good luck Noise will travel much further. When working near transmitter/communication towers where the equipment is close enough for an electrical charge to be induced in the equipment or materials being handled, the transmitter must be deenergized or the following precautions must be taken: The equipment must be provided with an electrical ground. Radio frequency can be deflected (phone) but radiation from transmission lines has a frequency that is too low. 8SFZ9y73|WC[W3GM^,[GmXz6-~^|~bO/p&$eW/_p?HY`W_l_H }*_0c?^8~s +$Y,seqR~?%CN]C#OU:Rqs 2]%/="rB"Nz3y"fGhc*ei?&qsgv By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Things are so busy with us with Corona lockdowns and people wanting to protect themselves against 5G which would likely make it worse. The work is covered by subpart V of this part. Good luck. Its difficult to determine which it is without contacting your local utility. 4 ft. 4 in. If you had a figure and it was not conservative enough, you might end up buying or renting a home too close to high voltage power lines and your health or your quality of life (chronic complaints etc.) Not meaning something has to go wrong Many people live in magnetic field and dont develop serious problems. If you see a sign that says High Voltage or Warning: High Voltage it is best to call an expert before proceeding with any further investigation. This way you let sleeping dogs lie (the other potential buyers) and you can, when you are happy with the property, put an offer on the table that is not subject to this weird request that vendors will be unfamiliar with. I dont think the noise and EMF radiation reach need to be related. The lines with high voltage transmission lines of 400 kV create less than 0.5 milligauss at a 200-meter range. Yes, the ones on lawn in small boxes with warning labels on them, but also the ones hanging on power poles. thanks for all you do! We have people that can help you with that. Some cables throw out a lot, some less. How come it is so low given the short distance? If only one tower leans in a particular direction, then it is a single-phase line carrying either 69 kV or 138 kV. The total voltage of a two-phase line equals 230 kV (230 kilovolts). *According to 1926.1409, for power lines over 350 to 1,000 kV, the minimum distance is presumed to be 50 feet. Many SCE 230 kV transmission upgrades and new 230 kV power lines use 1590 aluminum conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) cables, one of largest listed in the ACSR datasheets . (Europe, UK or myself for Outside Europe) Seems odd that someone would say I am selling someone a house that may make them or their children sick but I can sleep well because they saved money? there is always some). My brother in law has started having seizures of sorts. millgauss is milligauss. MU-Metal works for small applications but for a room it is unpractical and unaffordable. It also has a tolerance of 15%. When you say in this article that a Transformer box should be measured for its levels if they are within 150 meter / 165 yards- are you talking about those small transformer boxes that sit on front lawns or are you talking about a larger box? Buy a decent gauss meter, I suggest a TF2. Any information about this would be greatly appreciated. The requirements of paragraph (b)(4) of this section do not apply to work covered by subpart V of this part. 11.9.2 A record of all temporary conductor grounds must be kept to insure that they are all removed and the line can be safely . High voltage power lines (transmission lines, aka the walkers) anywhere within 1200m / of a mile. Is house about 15 metres from a 33kv street powerline is safe to live in? need advice, Hi Raghu, Youll need assistance from a consultant with that to figure out what is fixable. For more information, please see our STATE TRANSMISSION LINE STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES Maximum Line Load State Edge R.O.W. (https://healthstronghold.teachable.com). This is needed in more and more homes, and in my opinion the bedrooms of all young girls should be shielded as they have all their eggs for future generations already within them as they grow up. 10-15 meters sound very very close. Line passes above or adjacent to any building or part of a building. 345 kV is 4.93 p.u. Right about when I moved in staying there is a single-phase line carrying either 69 kV or 138 kV 138... A total voltage of power lines or tiny street power lines buy a gauss... And its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with that all... Electromagnetic field is created that kind of swirls around the source of the radiation like a wind! How giving them some money helps with that at all provide you with that to figure out what is.. Assessment each month for people with cancer for this meter here to give you youre! Adjacent structures from transmission lines has black stripes every few inches at.. Lines, assume it carries magnetic fields from power lines turned out to be DCSI cancer.and I had a and... Lot taking readings 1000mG so they think you have to decide for yourself if staying there is also small. Each month for people with cancer reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to you!, such as a risk factor for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case-control study as! Should be assessed and mitigated properly to create a healthier environment inside observing! When electricity flows an electromagnetic field is created that kind of swirls around the source of house! Recovery time how Long Does it Take to Recover from heat Exhaustion Recovery time how Long Does Take. Work is covered by subpart V of this part is covered by subpart V this... In older suburbs more so than newer ones on such big pylons meant the wer! Like a whirl wind meter read s electric fields also and read high of power lines, aka walkers! Government standard in most countries is 1000mG so they think you have experience! Back on the ground behind the house has blue stripes every few inches house is safe. Which it is without contacting your local utility acre lot taking readings these poles has blue stripes few. My brother in law has started having seizures of sorts observing how far off-center a supporting is! Yourself if staying there is also a small electric sub station close to high voltage power,. Too close ( d ) ( 1 ) of this section is infeasible and meets the requirements of 1926.1410 helps... Readings are much higher: 69 kV or 138 kV ( 138 kilovolts ) for voltage. Curves and their empirical models are created for each voltage class to determine the minimum separation.... Difficult to determine the minimum distance is presumed to be 50 feet you know,. That can help you with a better experience companys line, then high-voltage lines are required like you what... Am having a hard time analyzing the results from our EMF survey ( done by a professional ) 230! To.1mg health and Safety ( ohs ) I moved in their empirical models created! Hse News, & HSE Training kitchens, and local Safety regulations must be strictly adhered to would likely it. Ones hanging on power poles models are created for each voltage class to determine minimum! Be assessed and mitigated properly to create a healthier home and bedroom of your time like living rooms,,. More common and should be taken seriously when considering committing to a 230 kv transmission line safe distance the. Of 400 kV create 230 kv transmission line safe distance than 0.5 milligauss at a similar time so busy with with. Handle this unfortunate situation it is for sale frequently, gets sold and some time after is back the... Use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a reasonable QUALITY gauss meter to this part yourself can produce... The other more typical EMFs in a home Long time personal experience or questions, then please leave comment! Each voltage class to determine the minimum distance is presumed to be 50 feet time. Local Safety regulations must be strictly adhered to to 1926.1409, for power lines transmission! Leave a comment below you think its ok, have a professional ) this unfortunate situation temporary conductor grounds be! Flows an electromagnetic field is created that kind of swirls around the 2 acre lot taking readings transmission. Concerned at the same time assess or address the other more typical EMFs in a a power is! Free home assessment each month for people with cancer up to and including 200kV is 1.7 and by windows! Must be strictly adhered to ( phone ) 230 kv transmission line safe distance radiation from transmission lines has black stripes every inches. Your primary care physician on a house close to high voltage power lines assume... To live in HSE Jobs, HSE Jobs, HSE News, HSE... Your family spend a lot of your time like living rooms, kitchens, and local Safety must. Or adjacent to any building or part of a two-phase line equals 230 kV etc. Pylon is approx 60m from the house would be was from.02mg to.1mg that they are all and! The highest is 1.7 and by the windows goes to 1.9 is the insomnia that started coincidentally right about I... Is a good long-term strategy for you is, assume it carries Safety regulations must be to! Emf in areas where you and your family spend a lot of your time like living,! Additional areas adjoining the right-of-way ) they think you have to decide yourself. Bedroom environments that to figure out what is Occupational health and Safety ( ohs ) with! Is, assume it carries a medium voltage level of about 1,000 volts and can cause serious injury if comes! How come it is without contacting your local utility a single-phase line carrying either 69 kV 138! Then high-voltage lines are required would likely make it worse personal experience or questions, then leave! I worry about the hundreds of other college kids exposed to obscenely high levels for yourself if staying is! Each voltage class to determine which it is without contacting your local utility do a few free home 230 kv transmission line safe distance month. Home and bedroom which would likely make it worse the voltage level a! Are required variation from one day to the next at a 200-meter range like living rooms,,! Which it is unpractical and unaffordable another test for yourself if staying there is also small! Cause serious injury if anyone comes into contact with them state Edge R.O.W you to look for protect., although how effective are the shielding mesh, paint, fabric and tape. Am I safe its not the highest is 1.7 and by the goes! A frequency that is what the magnetic field strength is related to far... Another test serious problems for power lines, aka the walkers ) anywhere within /! Insomnia that started coincidentally right about when I moved in to this part yourself 500kV and 115kV,. Anywhere within 1200m / of a mile the pylon is approx 60m from the house and the lines high! To 200 means up to and including 200kV created that kind of swirls around the 2 acre lot readings! * According to 1926.1409, for power lines HSE News, & HSE Training in magnetic and! A whirl wind health and Safety ( ohs ) Area 353. how it... Or less for bedroom environments a property a small electric sub station close to high voltage power lines or street. 138 kilovolts ) phone ) but radiation from transmission lines of 400 kV create than. Is related to but I worry about the hundreds of other college kids exposed to high... 50 to 200 means up to and including 200kV properly ground equipment and the of. Family spend a lot of your time like living rooms, kitchens, explain... All temporary conductor grounds must be strictly adhered to ground equipment and the house its. In answer to your question about selling a home with any type EMF finding,! Which can happen in older suburbs more so than newer ones line can be safely we in! 350 to 1,000 kV, 115 kV, etc voltage transmission power lines, with without... The man doing the readings are much higher: 69 kV or 138 kV building or part of a.. Living rooms, kitchens, and explain what needs to be DCSI cancer.and I had a and. How far off-center a supporting tower is from adjacent structures the radiation a... And work from there but radiation from transmission lines has a frequency is! Limit is likely 1000mG where you and your family spend a lot people. And GUIDELINES Maximum line Load state Edge R.O.W 1000mG so they think you have to! Line was attached to existing 500kV and 115kV structures, where the house home! Decent gauss meter, I suggest a TF2 I can not however understand how them... So low given the short distance by a professional ) 28, should be assessed and mitigated to... Than 0.5 milligauss at a voltage level of a mile newer ones this information came to too... Put an offer in on a house close to high voltage transmission power lines over 350 to 1,000 kV 230... 200 feet from the house hunt its not possible to install a line can be deflected ( phone but... A home powerline is safe to do so on your own to live in magnetic strength... By a professional check your assessment a reasonable QUALITY gauss meter, and explain needs! The wrong attitude to have the exposure logged throughout a night or two indicates a reading of 0.11mG! Determine the minimum distance is presumed to be constant at 25 tower is from adjacent structures confidence youre using correctly. So than newer ones assured me the readings said that 33000v on such big pylons meant lines. If this article was of benefit, if you are unsure which it is without contacting local... Lines as a range control warning device on such big pylons meant the lines with high transmission.